Clean water will come from a natural water source such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and the ocean. In the event of ocean water, it must go through a desalination system to remove the salts before it can be used. The process will be as follows:
- Collection/Screening
- Coagulation
- Flocculation
- Sedimentation
- Filtration
- Disinfection
- Storage and Distribution
- pH and Fluoride Adjustment
This will collect the water from the source. All of the sources are mentioned as above. This screening will keep any debris such as tree branches, leaves, and wildlife out of the treatment facility. Chemicals with a positive charge are added to the water to neutralize the negative charge of dirt and other tiny particles, causing them to clump together. The water is gently mixed, encouraging the small particles to collide and form larger, heavier clumps called flocs. The heavier flocs settle to the bottom of a tank, separating from the water. The remaining water passes through filters (often layers of sand, gravel, and activated carbon) to remove any remaining particles, bacteria, and other contaminants. A disinfectant like chlorine, ozone, or UV light is added to kill any remaining bacteria or viruses, ensuring the water is safe for consumption. The treated water is stored in tanks and then distributed to homes and businesses through a network of pipes. KPW plants also adjust the water’s pH and add fluoride to prevent corrosion and dental problems.